HANDEL
Messiah, HWV56 (Jennens, from the Bible and the Psalter) (120’)*
First Part
1. Sinfony: Grave - Allegro moderato
2. Recitative: "Comfort ye, comfort ye my people"
3. Air: "Every valley shall be exalted"
4. Chorus: "And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed"
5. Recitative: "Thus saith the Lord of hosts"
6. Air: "But who may abide the day of His coming?"
7. Chorus: “And he shall purify the sons of Levi”
8. Recitative: “Behold, a virgin shall conceive and bear a Son”
9. Air: “O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion”
10. Recitative: “For Behold, darkness shall cover the earth”
11. Air: “The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light”
12. Chorus: “For unto us a Child is born”
13. Pifa: Pastoral Symphony
14a. Recitative: “There were shepherds abiding in the field”
14b. Recitative: “And lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them”
15. Recitative: “And the angel said unto them, Fear not”
16. Recitative: “And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host”
17. Chorus: “Glory to God in the highest”
18. Air: “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion”
19. Recitative: “Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened”
20. Air: “He shall feed His flock like a shepherd”
21. Chorus: “His yoke is easy, His burthen is light”
INTERMISSION
Second Part
22. Chorus: “Behold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world”
23. Air: “He was despised and rejected of men”
24. Chorus: “Surely He hath borne our griefs”
27. Recitative: “All they that see Him laugh Him to scorn”
28. Chorus: “He trusted in God that He would deliver Him”
29. Recitative: “Thy rebuke hath broken His heart”
30. Air: “Behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto His sorrow”
33. Chorus: “Lift up your heads, O ye gates”
40. Air: “Why do the nations so furiously rage together?”
41. Chorus: “Let us break their bonds asunder”
42. Recitative: “He that dwelleth in heaven shall laugh them to scorn”
43. Air: “Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron”
44. Chorus: “Hallelujah!”
Third Part
45. Air: “I know that my Redeemer liveth”
46. Chorus: “Since by man came death”
48. Recitative: “Behold, I tell you a mystery; We shall not all sleep”
49. Air: “The trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible”
53. Chorus: “Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, and hath redeemed us to God by His blood”
54. Chorus: “Amen”
*Indicates approximate performance duration
Program Notes
Messiah, HWV 56
George Frideric Handel (b. Halle, 1685 / d. London, 1759)
George Frideric Handel first came to England in 1712, just for a visit. Even then, before Handel had settled in England permanently some years later as the favourite court composer, those already established in British musical circles derided the large German man’s manners and thick accent. But it was a rejection born largely of jealousy. As a musician, Handel was head and shoulders above the best the English had to offer their own citizens, especially since the 1695 death of Henry Purcell.
Seven years before Handel came to London, composer Thomas Clayton had attempted to found an Italian operatic tradition in England with a work called Arsinoe. It enjoyed some success, but once Handel eclipsed all others as the master of Italian opera in London, Clayton became an outspoken critic of the whole notion of foreign-language operas for English audiences.
This did not stop Handel, and many successes came his way, as did acclaim from both the general public and the royal court. But baroque opera, as a form, began sinking under the weight of its own excesses by the 1730s, and Handel’s fortunes waned as a result. As shrewd a businessman as he was a supreme musician, Handel saw in the oratorio form the next wave in popularity.
Like opera, oratorio involves soloists, chorus and orchestra. There is often a story related in the text of oratorio. But while operas of the day leaned more toward classical themes and stories, more uplifting, religious, Biblical stories were thought more appropriate to oratorio. Another key difference between the two forms was language; oratorios were usually sung in the native tongue, and thus were perhaps more accessible to a wider, more middle class audience than Italian opera. In short order, Handel showed a deft hand at English oratorio, with Deborah (1733), Saul (1738), and Israel in Egypt (1739), and by 1741, he had once again secured his place at the vanguard of British musical life.
It was librettist Charles Jennens who presented Handel with a collection of texts from the Bible, and Messiah was composed, in a blinding flash of creativity, in only 25 days. Newman Flower wrote at the time that, “Handel was unconscious of the world” while the German-born master was writing what would prove to be the greatest oratorio ever written. Jennens, however, seemed unimpressed. “His Messiah has disappointed me, being set in great haste, tho’ he said he would be a year about it, and make it the best of all his Compositions,” wrote Jennens. “I shall put no more Sacred works into his hands, thus to be abus’d.” One wonders, parenthetically, how many other librettists would give their eye teeth to have their words “abus’d” in such a manner! It is also worth noting that Jennens’ comments were made before hearing the work, and his opinion changed quite a bit after he had. He and Handel collaborated on other oratorios (Saul, L’Allegro and Belshazzar), and they re-established good terms with each other.
Handel must have sensed the potential hit he had on his hands, and the canny marketer in him helped drum up publicity before Messiah’s official debut. Handel staged a public dress rehearsal of Messiah – a move that generated such tremendous anticipation and publicity that hundreds were turned away from the official debut performance on April 13, 1742. Of those that were able to attend, the ladies were asked to remove the hoops from their gowns, and gentlemen were asked not to wear their swords, to accommodate the crush of people.
It was in Dublin that Messiah was first staged. Handel had been invited there by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the Duke of Devonshire, along with the governors of three Irish charitable societies. And while that first performance was a well-attended affair, Messiah was not a hit from the outset. It would, in fact, take a decade or so of London-based performances for the work to acquire the popularity it has subsequently never relinquished.
As an example of the oratorio form, Messiah stands a bit apart from many of its fellows. There are no “character” parts sung by the soloists, and in fact there is, beyond some description of the birth of Christ in Part I, and His Passion in Part II, no story told in the music – there is no narrative line, as such. Perhaps part of the reason for this was the controversy that might have been stirred up if no less than the Lord was made a “character” part. Indeed, enough grumblings were made about the fact that so sacred a subject was performed in a theatre, as opposed to a church.
Those complaints died down in a few years, as the work won greater acceptance. By 1750, Messiah was an unqualified success. Handel himself oversaw no less than 36 performances of it before his death in 1759. This fact has led to some difficulties in pinning down an absolutely authentic version of the work – an impossible task actually, since Handel had no difficulty adapting the work for the needs of particular singers, available instrumentation, and even just to make improvements as he saw fit.
Part I of Messiah deals with the prophecies of the coming of both Christ and John the Baptist, taken mostly from the Old Testament books of Isaiah and Malachi. The Christmas story as recounted in Luke comes complete with an exquisite instrumental pastorale, in true baroque Christmas concerto style, leading to a hopeful conclusion with the beautiful and tender aria He shall feed His flock and the buoyant choral fugue His yoke is easy.
Part II begins dramatically with the dark chorus Behold the Lamb of God. From there, the Passion of Christ is told starkly, though not with texts taken directly from the gospels, but rather as anticipated in Isaiah and the Psalms. An account of the glory of God climaxes in the rousing Hallelujah, with words taken from the Book of Revelation. It was an early performance of Messiah, attended by King George II, which began the tradition of standing for this chorus. So taken was he by the music, the King rose to his feet, and when he did, everyone else did out of respect. We’ve been doing it since.
The actual resurrection of Christ seems almost skimmed over in Part II, but in Messiah’s Part III, the resurrection is meditated upon in great detail, beginning with the beautiful I know that my Redeemer liveth. Judgement day is looked for in the tense Why do the nations so furiously rage together? and the grand The trumpet shall sound. With appropriate choral flourish, Messiah closes with the declamatory Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, and another grand fugue on the word “Amen.”
Program Notes © 2010 D.T. Baker
Bruce Pullan, conductor

Bruce Pullan was a Choral Scholar at King’s College, Cambridge and New College, Oxford. After several years of singing, teaching, and conducting in London, he moved to North America. He was Professor of Music at Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington State, U.S.A. from 1975 – 1993, where he taught voice, conducted Opera, Orchestral and Choral Music and was Chairman of the Music Department from 1985 – 1991. During these years he was very active in Vancouver, as singer, conductor and lecturer. He has performed with most of the major choral and orchestral ensembles across Canada. In 1983 he was appointed Music Director of the Vancouver Bach Choir and has conducted the major choral repertoire with this and other choral groups, with both the Vancouver Symphony and the C.B.C Orchestras. In 1984 he founded the Vancouver Bach Children’s Chorus, which now has 9 choirs aged 7 – 21 and over 300 choristers.
In 1986, Bruce Pullan conducted the massed choirs for the opening of the Vancouver World Exposition and the choir and orchestra in a very successful documentary film, Whalesong, which has been shown worldwide. He has conducted several CDs and regular broadcasts for CBC Radio and Television, including Mahler’s 8th Symphony. The Vancouver Bach Choir commissioned Job, a new oratorio from Sir Peter Maxwell Davies in 1997. The premiere performance was recorded and issued on Collins Records. In 2002 the Vancouver Bach Youth Choir toured Germany, France and the Czech Republic. In March 2004 he conducted the world premiere of Sepulcher of Life, by Christos Hatzsis, recorded for CBC broadcast. In 2002 he founded an annual Choral Directing Course for Canadian Choral Directors, which continues to grow and prosper. In November 2008, Mr. Pullan was appointed to the Order of Canada.
Mr. Pullan last appeared with the ESO in December 2002.
Allison Angelo, soprano

Canadian soprano Allison Angelo is emerging as a talented and versatile young singer who is rapidly gaining recognition on the operatic and concert stage. In early 2010, she made her debut with the Toronto Symphony during the Mozart 254 Festival. During the 2010-2011 season, she looks forward to appearances in Mozart’s
Requiem for Symphony Nova Scotia, and
Messiah with the Vancouiver Bach Choir. The young Nova Scotian recently appeared with the Boston Pops under Keith Lockhart, at the Tanglewood Festival, and was featured in the world premiere of Schafer’s
Children’s Crusade produced by Soundstreams for Toronto’s Luminato Festival. An alumna of Atelier Lyrique de L'Opéra de Montréal, Ms. Angelo sang the roles of the Governess in
The Turn of the Screw and Belinda in
Dido and Aeneas with the Atelier, as well as the High Priestess (
Aïda) and Naiade (
Ariadne auf Naxos). She was guest soloist with l'Opéra d'Avignon in France, Nova Scotia Opera’s New Year’s Eve Gala and L'Opéra de Montréal's 10th Anniversary Gala.
A semi-finalist in the Montréal Symphony Competition, she has been a prizewinner in the Jeunes Ambassadeurs Lyriques competition, a semi-finalist in the Verviers Concours de Chants (Belgium) and an encouragement award recipient in the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions. She was awarded the 2006 L'Opéra de Montréal Prize and is a recipient of awards from the Nova Scotia Talent Trust, including the Portia White Award for Voice. Ms. Angelo has appeared on BravoCanada!’s Opera Easy, and was heard on CBC in l'Opéra de Montréal’s Lakmé. Ms. Angelo received her Bachelor of Arts in Music and Theatre from Dalhousie University and her Artist Diploma in Voice and Masters of Music in Opera Performance from the University of Toronto, where she studied with Jean MacPhail. Other roles include Morgana in Alcina, Despina in Così fan tutte, and Lucy in The Beggar’s Opera.
This is Ms. Angelo’s debut with the ESO. She appeared as Musetta in
La Bohème for Edmonton Opera, with the ESO performing in October 2010.
David Trudgeon, counter tenor

Canadian counter-tenor, David Trudgen, was recently called “the next generation’s answer to David Daniels” according to the
Chicago Tribune. This high praise was from his recent appearance as Medoro in Chicago Opera Theater’s production of Handel’s
Orlando, under the direction of Raymond Leppard. Michigan District Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions winner for 2006 and 2008, Mr. Trudgen sang the title role in the University of Oklahoma’s production of
Giulio Cesare. He also appeared at the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. where he sang scenes from
L’Incoronazione di Poppea by Monteverdi for the Kennedy Center Conservatory Project.
Mr. Trudgeon made his Wexford Festival and Opera Theatre of St. Louis debuts in the world premiere of
The Golden Ticket. Other debuts for 2010-2011 include Nerone in
Agrippina for Boston Lyric Opera, Dardano in
Amadigi de Gaula for Central City Opera, and he covers the role of Orfeo in the Canadian Opera Company’s
Orfeo et Euridice. He was a recitalist for the 2010 Elora Festival and will be soloist in
Messiah for Symphony Nova Scotia. Last season, his schedule included the title role in
Giulio Cesare for Opera in Concert,
Messiah for the Newfoundland Symphony, Handel’s
Israel in Egypt with Noel Edison and the Mendelssohn Choir, and
Carmina Burana for the Victoria Symphony. Mr. Trudgen is a graduate of the University of Michigan and holds a Masters of Music in Vocal Performance. Mr. Trudgen was named the Earl V. Moore Award recipient for 2006, and has had the opportunity to perform for David Daniels, Martina Arroyo, Colin Graham, Shirley Verrett, and Alan Curtis.
This is Mr. Trudgeon’s debut with the ESO.
Colin Ainsworth, Tenor

Tenor Colin Ainsworth has built his reputation based on exceptional singing, impeccable diction and a diverse range of repertoire. A special recent highlight was his appearance at Toronto’s 2010 Luminato Festival in Rufus Wainwright’s opera
Prima Donna. His busy 2010-2011 season got underway with the world premiere of Estacio’s
Lillian Alling for Vancouver Opera. He will be heard as Belmonte in
Die Entführung aus dem Serail for Edmonton Opera (February 2011) and as Jason in Charpentier’s
Medée for Chicago Opera Theater. On the concert stage, he sings
Messiah for Vancouver Bach Choir, and Bach’s
Christmas Oratorio for the New Mexico Symphony, Bach’s
Mass in B Minor for Vancouver Symphony, and
St. John Passion for the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir.
Company debuts and new roles figured prominently in Mr. Ainsworth’s 2009-2010 schedule, highlighted by his debut with Calgary Opera as Laurie in Adamo’s Little Women. He took on the role of Tom Rakewell in The Rake’s Progress for the first time for Pacific Opera Victoria conducted by Timothy Vernon. He debuted with the Toronto Symphony in a Pops concert called The Golden Age of Broadway. Praised for his “ability to move seamlessly between different areas of the repertoire”, Ainsworth made his critically acclaimed debut with Royal Opera and the Edinburgh International Festival in the world première of Stuart MacRae’s opera The Assassin Tree as Youth and debuted with the Greek National Opera singing Orphée in Gluck’s Paris version of Orphée et Eurydice. He made his L’Opéra Français de New York debut as Castor in Castor et Pollux conducted by Yves Abel, and joined the Montréal Baroque Festival for Monteverdi’s L’Orfeo. Recent CD releases include Vivaldi’s La Griselda for Naxos, Schubert Among Friends with Gerald Finley, Gloria in excelsis Deo with Tafelmusik, and the première recording of Derek Holman’s cycle The Heart Mislaid for the Aldeburgh Connection’s Our Own Songs disc.
Mr. Ainsworth last appeared with the ESO in December 2003. He performed in Edmonton Opera’s production of
Le pêcheurs de perles in April 2009.
Aaron St. Clair Nicholson, baritone

Baritone Aaron St. Clair Nicholson has established himself as an artist of the first rank, winning praise for his superb vocal gifts and the dramatic integrity he brings to his performances. He made his Metropolitan Opera debut as Schaunard in
La Bohème conducted by Domingo, and followed those performances with Papageno in
Die Zauberflöte conducted by Levine. He has been heard in the title role in
Don Giovanni for L’Opéra de Montréal, as Valentin in
Faust for Vancouver Opera, Mercutio in
Roméo et Juliette for Ottawa’s Opera Lyra, and Fauré’s
Requiem for the Atlanta Symphony, a work he performed at Festival Lanaudière in Québec. In 2010/11 he returns to Vancouver Opera for the world premiere of the Estacio/Murrell opera
Lillian Alling, to Opera Lyra Ping in
Turandot, and to the Met to cover Chou en Lai in
Nixon in China. His schedule also includes
Carmina Burana for orchestras in Calgary and Ventura, California.
Mr. Nicholson’s busy 2009-2010 season included Papageno in Die Zauberflöte for L’Opéra de Montréal, Count Almaviva in Le nozze di Figaro for Vancouver Opera, and Ping in Turandot for Opera Lyra. The Abbotsford, British Columbia native was a Resident Artist at Tri-Cities Opera in New York, appearing as Belcore in L’Élisir d’amore, Dr. Falke in Die Fledermaus and Sharpless in Madama Butterfly. He was Guglielmo in Così fan tutte for Western Opera Theater, and was also a member of Seattle Opera’s young artist program. The George London competition finalist has been heard with the Binghamton Symphony, Victoria Symphony, Bellevue Philharmonic, at the San Francisco Opera Center, and with the Tri-Cities Opera Orchestra. Mr. Nicholson’s awards include the Richmond F. Gold Career Grant, the Karl Muller Performance Award, a career incentive grant from Seattle Opera, and the Sullivan Foundation Award for role preparation assistance.
This is Mr. Nicholson’s debut with the ESO. He appeared as the Pirate King in
The Pirates of Penzance for Edmonton Opera, with the ESO performing, in February 2010.
Richard Eaton Singers (Leonard Ratzlaff, director)

Founded in 1951 by the late Richard S. Eaton, Edmonton’s symphonic choir Richard Eaton Singers (RES) has played a leading role in the cultural community of the city for close to six decades. RES performances have included many Edmonton and Western Canadian premieres of choral masterpieces such as Bach’s
St. Matthew Passion and
St. John Passion, Mendelssohn’s
Elijah, Elgar’s
The Dream of Gerontius, and Vaughan Williams’
Sea Symphony. RES has also commissioned and produced world premiere performances by Canadian composers including Mark Sirett’s
In Praise of Music, Christos Hatzis’
The Sepulcher of Life, John Estacio’s
The Houses Stand Not Far Apart and, most recently,
A Song of the Seasons by Ruth Watson Henderson.
The choir is honoured to have been associated with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra for over 50 years. This partnership has created many memorable choral events in our city including Britten’s War Requiem, Beethoven’s Missa Solemnis, and many previous performances of Handel’s Messiah. In September of 1997, the choir performed Mahler’s 8th Symphony “Symphony of a Thousand” with the ESO to celebrate the opening of the Winspear Centre. In addition to its classical repertoire, RES enjoys performing a variety of music both on its own and as a guest of the ESO. The choir has traveled extensively across Canada, to the Netherlands, and Britain, and has exchanged with other choirs including the Vancouver Bach Choir. A highlight for RES was its participation at Festival 500 in Newfoundland in 2003. RES is looking forward to its performance of Bach’s St. Matthew Passion on April 10, 2011 in the Winspear Centre.
The choir last appeared with the ESO in April 2010.
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